You can think of the area to be equivalent to the tip of your pen and this is fabricated using nano and microfabrication techniques on a silicon wafer.
Thanks to Mesfin Agidie who created the fonts in his Abinet typing software. I did the tedious task of designing each of the above alphabets point by point on a specialized patterning software which dictates the etching machine.
Special thanks to Prof. Francesc Perez Murano and Prof. Xavier Borrisie